Understanding Hypoglycaemia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

What is Hypoglycaemia?

The opposite of high blood sugar (hyperglycaemia) is low blood sugar, known as hypoglycaemia. This condition most commonly affects people with diabetes, especially those being treated with insulin. Hypoglycaemia occurs when blood glucose levels fall below 4 millimoles per litre.

Why is Hypoglycaemia Serious?

Hypoglycaemia can be very dangerous if not treated promptly. Untreated hypoglycaemia can lead to seizures, coma, or even death. However, it is relatively easy to manage compared to hyperglycaemia.

Signs and Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia include:

• Obvious changes in behaviour
• Hunger
• Cold, sweaty skin
• Rapid pulse with a normal breathing rate

Hypoglycaemia has a very fast onset, which is a key indicator that distinguishes it from hyperglycaemia.

Treating Hypoglycaemia

In less severe cases, hypoglycaemia can be treated quickly and effectively. People prone to hypoglycaemia, such as those with diabetes, should carry:

• Glucose gels
• Glucose tablets
• Quick-release, high-sugar snacks like chocolate bars or sweet drinks

These should be ingested at the first sign of hypoglycaemia. After 10-15 minutes, they should test their blood glucose levels to ensure they have returned to normal.

When to Seek Medical Help

While many cases of hypoglycaemia can be managed independently, more serious cases may require emergency medical assistance. If severe symptoms occur, call emergency services immediately.